V Německu existuje v permakultuře pojem “Teiche mit Spinat abdichten” – jak špenátem vytvořit nepropustné dno rybníka.
V dávných dobách se dno rybníků zhutňovalo špenátem nebo jinými rostlinami s vyšším obsahem bílkovin. Tyto rostliny se musí nechat ve velkém množství rozložit na dně bez přístupu kyslíku. Tím se vytvoří pseudoglej – vodotěsná vrstva. Tento proces lze v zásadě pozorovat ve všech rybnících.
Zde je citát z knihy “Voda známá a tajemná” ruských autorů z 90. let, kde se také hovoří o rostlinných odpadech a anaerobních procesech tvorby nepropustné vrstvy:
“Bezstrukturní, vodopropustné vrstvy půdy na dně bažin (nazývané také gleje) vznikají v přírodních podmínkách za aktivní účasti mikroorganismů. Tento přirozený způsob umožnil vědcům zvýšit kapacitu umělých nádrží.
Na základě studia přirozených procesů v mukových vrstvách byla navržena jednoduchá a levná biochemická metoda, která může výrazně snížit propustnost umělých nádrží a snížit ztráty vody. Tato metoda byla použita v praxi.
Zemědělský odpad bohatý na vlákninu: sláma, plevel, bramborové řízky a zbytky apod. se rozprostřel buldozery na dno rybníků nebo kanálů, pokryl se vrstvou zeminy o tloušťce 15 až 20 cm a takto upravený rybník nebo jezero se napustilo vodou.
Díky tomuto speciálnímu vrstevnatému porostu na dně slouží rostlinná hmota jako živná půda pro anaerobní bakterie, které během svého života odebírají kyslík z půdních částic. Tyto bakterie mění strukturu půdy a přispívají k tvorbě nepromokavé vrstvy. Za pouhé dva měsíce se vytvoří 5 cm silná, silná, nepropustná vrstva a po třech letech až 35 cm silná vrstva, která prakticky zastaví únik vody. Takto “ochočené” bakterie pomáhají šetřit stovky milionů metrů krychlových vody.”
zdroj: biosferaklub.info, Titulní fotografie: Pixabay.com/michasager
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