Tato okouzlující exotická kráska si v mnoha částech světa vysloužila přezdívku “kudlanka”. To je dáno způsobem růstu jejích listů, které se večer zvedají vzhůru a připomínají složené ruce modlící se k nebi. Díky tomu je maranta výjimečnou rostlinou, která se v našich podmínkách uchytila jako stále oblíbenější pokojový druh, jenž vnáší do místních domovů pořádnou dávku tropické atmosféry.
Brazilská exotika doma
Maranta se stejnojmenným slovenským a latinským názvem má v naší zemi bohatou tradici. K nám se dostala z jihu Evropy, kde se pěstuje již několik století. Do jižních států byl přivezen z Brazílie, která je považována za jeho původní domov. Rostlina z divoké brazilské džungle byla pojmenována po italském lékaři a botanikovi Bartolomeu Marantovi, po němž je pojmenována celá čeleď rostlin známá jako Maranthaceae. Mezi nimi je několik druhů, které se osvědčily při pěstování v interiéru. Patří mezi ně některé z více než 40 známých druhů rodu Maranta.
Maranta a její typický vzhled
- Jedná se o tropickou rostlinu s přitažlivým růstovým habitem.
- Maranta není liána, při svém růstu se pouze plazí po zemi.
- Dospělá rostlina dorůstá výšky kolem 40 cm.
- Větší listy mohou dorůst až do velikosti 12 cm.
- Tvar listů bývá oválný s mírně vejčitým okrajem.
- Na povrchu listů se vytvářejí viditelné barevné vzory.
- Tvar a zbarvení vzoru závisí na druhu nebo odrůdě.
Šípek není jedinou rostlinou s tímto specifickým vzorem růstu listů. Mnoho podobných druhů však není známo, zejména ne mezi běžně pěstovanými pokojovými rostlinami. V případě maranty se “modlící se listy” projevují zvedáním, při kterém se k sobě přibližují. Následně vypadají jako složené ruce směřující k nebi. Děje se tak večer, kdy je možné tento proces nejen pozorovat, ale také mu naslouchat. Listy při zvedání šustí. To lze slyšet i v časných ranních hodinách, kdy klesají zpět, aby se otevřely dennímu světlu. Díky své schopnosti pohybovat vodou uvnitř rostliny mohou měnit svou polohu.
Neobvyklý způsob růstu listů je z velké části způsoben tím, že maranta vyžaduje větší péči. Exotická krása bude plnit svou estetickou funkci pouze tehdy, pokud pro ni vytvoříme optimální podmínky. Je trochu náročnější na pěstování, ale stále se jedná o druh, který zvládne pěstovat i začátečník. To usnadní její rychlý růst a schopnost prosperovat na různých místech. Jako obytná dekorace se hodí na podlahu, na stůl nebo na spodní skříňky a police. V teplých letních měsících může dočasně zdobit i balkony a terasy.
Z mnoha půdních typů, které mají pěstitelé k dispozici, se jí nejlépe daří v jílovité půdě. Podkladem nemusí být čistá hlína. Kořeny jsou silné a dobře živené i v hlinitopísčité půdě. Do substrátu lze přidat trochu rašeliny. Je nezbytné, aby použitá půda byla dostatečně propustná a provzdušněná.
Marantě vyhovují vyšší teploty, ale bez problémů přežije i při běžné pokojové teplotě. Během vegetačního období jí vyhovují teploty mezi 18 a 26 °C, přičemž některé odrůdy jsou o něco teplomilnější. V zimě může teplota v místnosti, kde se pěstuje, klesnout, ale ne pod 15-16 °C.
zdroj: stylovebyvanie.sk, Titulní obrázek: Pixabay.com/szjeno09190
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